משמרים מוכרים - רשימת משמרי המורשת הבנויה
תרגום המלצת אונסקו בנושא נופים אורבניים היסטוריים, יוני 2017
הכינוס הארצי ה-4 לשימור מורשת התרבות, 2018
אמנה לאתיקה בשימור המורשת בישראל
חיזוק מבני אבן לעמידות בפני רעידות אדמה – מפרטים טכניים
סדרת הרצאות הגלוי והנסתר I עכו העתיקה I ערים היסטוריות רב שכבתיות

	MOSAIC STRATIGRAPHY  The following stratigraphy is adapted from ancient literary sources. It is to be used only as a general reference in this document. In practice, all mosaics do not necessarily display this stratigraphy. A mosaic can be built on natural ground made of soil or rock, or on top of a previous pavement. The mosaic itself is composed of a variety of foundation or preparatory layers and a layer of tesserae. 1 - Statumen - First preparatory layer which is made of large stones laid on the ground, previously leveled and rammed. This layer only exists if the mosaic has been constructed on a natural soil. 2 - Rudus - Second preparatory layer which is spread over the statumen. This layer is made of a lime mortar with large aggregates. 3 - Nucleus - Third preparatory layer which is spread over the rudus in a thinner layer. The nucleus is made of a mortar with fine aggregates. 4 - Bedding layer - Fourth preparatory layer of mortar which is very rich in lime, and thinly applied in small sections over the nucleus. Tesserae are inserted in this layer before the mortar sets. 5 - Tessellatum - Layer which consitutes the mosaic surface and is composed of tesserae and mortar filling the interstices between them.
	EDGING REPAIR  Application of a mortar along the edges of a mosaic. (Current Intervention)
	FILL  Area where the original tessellatum is missing and the resulting lacuna has been filled, either in antiquity or in the modern period. Within a single mosaic, fills can be classified according to their date, color, surface texture and material utilized; e.g. mortar alone or mortar with various materials bedded in it, such as tesserae, larger stone or ceramic fragments. Fills using tesserae or attempting to indicate the design with other materials may be termed reintegration. (Current Condition - Previous Interventions)
	FILL BETWEEN TESSERAE  Area where the original mortar in the interstices between the tesserae has been replaced. (Current Condition - Previous Interventions)
	TREATED SURFACE  Area of the tessellatum where material has been applied intentionally to consolidate, protect or enhance the color of the mosaic surface, such as wax, chemical consolidant. (Current Condition - Previous Interventions)
	RE-LAID AREA  Part of the tessellatum which has been detached from its preparatory layers, in sections or in one piece, and re-laid in situ on a new support. (Current Condition - Previous Interventions)
	JOINTS BETWEEN RE-LAID SECTIONS  Spaces between the sections of a mosaic that has been cut, detached, and re-laid in situ. The cuts may or may not follow the design of the mosaic. Joints may have been left empty or filled with a material (mortar, tesserae, etc.) to restore the continuity of the mosaic surface. (Current Condition - Previous Interventions)
	METALLIC ELEMENTS  Structural reinforcements belonging to the new support of a re-laid mosaic. (Current Condition - Previous Interventions)
	CRACK  Linear breaks visible at the surface of the mosaic, which may also penetrate into its lower layers. The word fracture is also commonly used to describe this condition. (Current Condition - Structural Conditions)
	LACUNA  Area of the mosaic where the tessellatum is missing. Within a single mosaic, lacunae can be classified according to their depth; for example lacuna of tessellatum, bedding layer or nucleus. The word loss is also commonly used to describe this condition. (Current Condition - Structural Conditions)
	CAVITY  Area of sub-surface loss. Cavities can be due to water erosion or animals, including insects, burrowing. (Current Condition - Structural Conditions)
	DETACHED TESSERAE  Tesserae which are still in their original location but have lost adhesion to the bedding layer and, as a result, move when lightly touched. (Current Condition - Structural Conditions)
	DETERIORATED PREPARATORY LAYERS  Loss of physical integrity within one or more layers of mortar supporting the tessellatum as manifested by cracks, disaggregation, erosion, etc. (Current Condition - Structural Conditions)
	DETACHMENT BETWEEN MOSAIC LAYERS  Lack of adhesion between two layers of the mosaic. A detachment is not always visible and can be detected by the corresponding hollow sound produced when the surface of the mosaic is tapped. (Current Condition - Structural Conditions)
	DEPRESSION  Downward deformation of the mosaic below its original surface level. (Current Condition - Structural Conditions)
	RISE / BULGE  Upward deformation of the mosaic above its original surface level. (Current Condition - Structural Conditions)
	PLANT INTRUSION  Vegetation, such as weeds, grasses, bushes and trees, and their associated roots which are present under, within or on top of the mosaic. (Current Condition - Structural Conditions)
	DETERIORATED REPAIR MORTAR  Loss of physical integrity of edging repairs or mortar fills as manifested by cracks, disaggregation, erosion, etc. (Current Condition - Structural Conditions)
	DETERIORATED TESSERAE  Tesserae which have suffered a loss of material or of physical integrity. Deteriorated tesserae can be described more precisely as Disaggregated, Eroded, Exfoliated, Fractured, Pitted, etc. (Current Condition - Surface Conditions)
	ERODED TESSERAE  Tesserae displaying a worn or abraded surface. (Current Condition - Surface Conditions)
	EXFOLIATED TESSERAE  Tesseare displaying detachment or loss of layers, parallel or perpendicular to the mosaic surface. (Current Condition - Surface Conditions)
	FRACTURED TESSERAE  Tesserae diplaying linear breaks or network of breaks through their matrix. (Current Condition - Surface Conditions)
	PITTED TESSERAE  Tesserae displaying numerous small, rounded cavities on their surface. (Current Condition - Surface Conditions)
	DEPOSIT  Accumulation of extraneous material of various types, such as soil, sand, animal droppings and vegetal materials, of variable thickness, and poor adhesion to the mosaic surface. (Current Condition - Surface Conditions)
	EFFLORESCENCE  Formation at the mosaic surface of a loosely adhering substance, generally white and crystalline, powder-like or whisker-like in appearance. (Current Condition - Surface Conditions)
	INCRUSTATION  Mineral crust formation adhering to the mosaic surface, often hard and compact, and of variable thickness and extent. (Current Condition - Surface Conditions)
	MICROBIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS  Small organisms of various colors and forms, living or dead, such as fungi, algae, lichens, mosses, or bacteria, which adhere to the mosaic surface. (Current Condition - Surface Conditions)
	COLOR ALTERATION  Alteration of the mosaic surface characterized by a localized change in color. Color alterations may be termed more precisely metallic stains, fire damage, graffiti, etc. (Current Condition - Surface Conditions)
	DISAGGREGATED TESSERAE  Tesserae displaying loss of cohesion of their surfaces, which have disintegrated into powder or small grains. (Current Condition - Surface Conditions)
	CLEANING  Removal of extraneous substances from the mosaic surface, with or without water, and with tools such as sponges, brushes, scalpels, wooden tools, dental instruments, etc. (Current Intervention)
	CONSOLIDATION OF PREPARATORY LAYERS  Application of a material (natural or synthetic product) to restore cohesion to preparatory layers. (Current Intervention)
	CONSOLIDATION OF TESSERAE  Application of material (natural or synthetic product) to restore cohesion to individual tesserae. (Current Intervention)
	EDGING REPAIR  Mortar reinforcing a mosaic border or edge. Within a single mosaic, edging repairs can be classified according to their color, surface texture and material utilized. (Current Condition - Previous Interventions)
	FACING  Application of gauze or similar material on the mosaic surface with an adhesive for its temporary protection during treatment. (Current Intervention)
	GROUTING  Introduction of a fluid binderaggregate mixture into a void between preparatory layers. (Current Intervention)
	FILLING  Application of a mortar and/or other materials in an area of loss of the mosaic surface. (Current Intervention)
	FILLING BETWEEN TESSERAE  Application of a mortar in the interstices between the tesserae. (Current Intervention)
	REMOVAL OF PREVIOUS REPAIRS  Elimination of previous interventions, such as edging repairs and fills. (Current Intervention)
	RESETTING OF TESSERAE  Replacement of detached tesserae in their original position using an adhesive mortar. (Current Intervention)
	TREATMENT OF HIGHER PLANTS  Reduction or removal of trees and plants by mechanical or chemical means. (Current Intervention)
	TREATMENT OF MICROBIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS  Reduction or removal of microbiological organisms by mechanical or chemical means. (Current Intervention)